| 1. | Glybetaine is found in a large variety of microorganisms , higher plants and animals
甘氨酸甜菜碱在高等植物、动物和微生物中广泛存在。 |
| 2. | Depending on the conserved amino acids of glycine betaine abc transporter , a pair of degenerate primers were designed
在h . trueperi发现有甘氨酸甜菜碱abc转运系统。 |
| 3. | The accumulation of glybetaine is induced under stress conditions , and the level of glybetaine is correlated with the degree of enhanced tolerance to stress
胁迫诱导甘氨酸甜菜碱的积累，并且甘氨酸甜菜碱积累的浓度与植物提高抗逆性密切相关。 |
| 4. | Many scientists have introduced badh gene to plants and got transgenic plants which overexpressed badh , but the accumulations of glybetaine are too low to function effectively
许多研究者已得到了转badh基因植物，虽然转基因植物中badh的表达量提高，但是甘氨酸甜菜碱的积累浓度并不高。 |
| 5. | Many diverse species of plants accumulate glycine betaine ( glybetaine ) in response to various stresses , and the biosynthesis and accumulation of glybetaine are thought to contribute to various stress
许多植物在受到各种胁迫时，都会引起甘氨酸甜菜碱的积累，甘氨酸甜菜碱的生物合成与积累是植物对胁迫的一种适应机制。 |
| 6. | At high concentrations , glybetaine does not interfere with cytopasmic function and many macromolecules . thus it belongs to non - toxiic osmoprotectants . glybetaine appears to be a critical determinant of stress tolerance in plants
高浓度的甘氨酸甜菜碱不会破坏细胞的正常功能，它有效的稳定和保护许多生物大分子的结构和功能，是一种非毒性的渗透保护物质。 |
| 7. | Then , a piece of degenerate primer was designed according to the conserved amino acids of glycine betaine abc transporter system glycine betaine - binding protein as a reversed primer . combined with the opuaa - up , a 2 . 3 kb fragment was obtained through pcr . blast result showed a fragment which contained the partial opuaa , the whole opuab and partial opuac sequences were obtained
再次，根据甘氨酸甜菜碱atp转运系统底物结合蛋白的氨基酸保守序列设计下游简并引物，与atp结合蛋白的上游简并引物组合，经pcr扩增获得2 . 1kb的条带，测序后通过blast比较，结果显示获得atp结合蛋白基因的部分序列、通透酶的全部编码序列和部分甘氨酸甜菜碱结合蛋白基因的核苷酸序列。 |
| 8. | Beth showed 56 % identity to the opud of bacillus subtilis and belonged to bcct family . its putative promoter region was highly homologous to b - dependent promoter of b . subtilis . a 2 . 6 kb fragment including the beth gene was subcloned into puc18 and transformed into the e . coli mkh13 , colonies appeared on the plate of the selective m9 medium
将包括整个beth基因orf框及可能的启动子核苷酸序列在内的2 . 6kb的片段克隆到puc18载体上，转入到大肠杆菌甘氨酸甜菜碱缺失株mkh13中，使该菌株能够在含甘氨酸甜菜碱的高盐m9培养基上生长，而对照实验不能生长。 |
| 9. | Consequently , study on the mechanisms of salt - tolerance in plants and breeding of salt - tolerant plants has become a key issue in plant biology nowadays . as an important plant osmotic regulators , glycine betaine in plants , under the osmotic stress , can be accumulated in order to give the plants high salt - tolerance by reducing osmotic pressure and maintaining proteinic structure in cell
甘氨酸甜菜碱( glycinebetaine )是一种重要的调渗物质，在盐胁迫下有些植物能通过体内甘氨酸甜菜碱的积累保护细胞内蛋白质的结构和功能，降低细胞水势，从而来增加自身的耐盐能力。 |
| 10. | One of them was identified as the beth gene of halobacillus sp . d8 . a hydrophobicity plot of beth revealed an alteration of hydrophobic and hydrophilic segments that was characteristic for integral membrane protein , suggesting the presence of 12 transmembrane - spanning segments and belonged to bcct family
将重组质粒测序，插入片段大小为4kb左右，通过blast比较，结果显示含有三个orf框，其中一个为甘氨酸甜菜碱转运蛋白，对其氨基酸组成进行疏水性分析，推测为含有12个跨膜域的跨膜蛋白，属于bcct家族。 |
