Ching in 1978 ; those of the naked - seed plants ( gymnosperms ) follows that of kubitzki in 1990 ; and those of the flowering plants ( angiosperms ) follows the system of cronquist in 1988 标本是以科归类,蕨类植物采用了1978年的秦仁昌系统,裸子植物采用1990年的kubitzki的系统,被子植物则采用1988年cronquist的系统。