| 1. | The collapse of national civility and cohesion made it difficult for the disputants to hear each other .
民族的谦恭精神和团结一致精神的瓦解使争论者们很难倾听对方的意见。 |
| 2. | Crusader : a disputant who advocates reform
广告信息发布:投诉 |
| 3. | Sang linton , sinking into the recess of his chair , and leaning back his head to enjoy the agitation of the other disputant , who stood behind
陷到他的椅子里头，他的头往后抑靠着来欣赏站在他背后的那个辩论家的激动神气。 |
| 4. | The mediator first tells one party that he or she must give the mediator face by accepting what is proposed . contained in the proposal is a face - saving gesture for the other disputant
他先要求一方当事人接受提议,从而“给中间人一个面子” ,这提议之中也包含一个顾全另一方当事人面子的姿态。 |
| 5. | Whatever question arose , the swarm of drones , still humming over the last subject , flew to the new one , and by their buzzing drowned and confused the voices of sincere disputants
无论发生什么问题，这群蜂子在前一个题目上还未嗡嗡完，就飞到那个新问题上，并以自己的嗡嗡声压倒和淹灭那些真诚的辩论。 |
| 6. | Social worker will assess the appropriateness of the cases to receive reconciliation service in the first place and if the elders is willing to enter the process of mediation with the disputants , the social worker will arrange the reconciliation service for the concerned parties
调解辅导服务：计画会先对怀疑被虐待长者个案进行评估，若个案双方有意愿去改善现状并同意接受调解辅导服务，计画会安排负责社工提供调解辅导服务。 |
| 7. | For instance , one mediator argues that pressing on with one ' s rights may actually be wrong if it results in negative consequences on the other party ' s family and friendship ties . he often asks the disputants if it is righteous to inflict suffering on innocent parties in the process of exercising one ' s rights
例如,有一名调解人声称,强调一己的权利以致伤害对方的家人和朋友关系,实际上可能是错误的,因此他时常要问一问当事人,为了行使权利而殃及无辜是否正当。 |
| 8. | The main subject of part three is the three aftermaths of international civil jurisdiction conflict : influencing judicial assistance between nations ; influencing the execution of court judgments ; and eventually influencing the realization of disputants " substantive rights
第三部分：国际民事管辖权冲突的后果国际民事管辖权的冲突，将导致一系列的法律后果。表现在：国家之间的司法协助关系受到影响；法院判决的承认和执行受到阻碍；当事人的实体权利难以实现。 |
| 9. | The fact that usually more than two countries are involved into the international civil and commercial disputes and the jurisdiction bases in each country vary a lot consist of the objective cause of international civil jurisdiction conflict ; while the intention held by disputants and the court of jurisdiction constitutes the subjective cause of international civil jurisdiction conflict
国际民商事纠纷与两个以上国家存在联系，以及各国行使管辖权的根据不同，是国际民事管辖权冲突产生的客观原因。而当事人和法院的主观愿望和意图则是管辖权冲突产生的主观原因。 |
| 10. | Part one tries to have an analysis on the types and essential elements of international civil jurisdiction conflicts . after defining what is international civil jurisdiction and international civil jurisdiction conflicts and classifying international civil jurisdiction conflicts into positive and negative conflicts , the paper confines its research on positive conflicts of international civil jurisdictions . when disputants bring the same disputes to two or more courts of different countries , which all have legitimate jurisdiction over the said disputes and accept their complaints , international civil jurisdiction conflict appears inevitably
笔者认为，国际民事管辖权积极冲突的构成，应当同时具备以下要件： ( 1 )当事人就同一诉讼标的在两个或两个以上国家的法院提起诉讼； ( 2 )两个或两个以上国家的法院对该同一诉讼标的均具有合格管辖权； ( 3 )两个或两个以上国家的法院均受理同一诉讼案件。 |
