| 1. | And one of these questions that have more disputes - in different counties is incorporation clause in the bill of lading under charter - party
其中存在较多争议的问题之一就是，租约提单中的并入条款。 |
| 2. | In my thesis i try to discuss some questions about the law and practice of the incorporation clause in the bill of lading under charter - party
本文试图就有关租约提单下的并入条款中的若干法律及实务方面的问题展开讨论。 |
| 3. | Hague - rules - hague rules being always applied to b / l , it seems necessary to stu ^ y the relationship between incorporation clause in b / l and hague rules
鉴于海牙规则常常被适用于提单，本文同时介绍了英美法下的提单并入条款与海牙规则的关系。 |
| 4. | The third chapter explains that our country and other countries at common law confirm the legal effect of the incorporation clause in the bill of lading
第三章结合英美普通法来说明各国包括我国对租约提单中的并入条款的法律效力是予以承认的。 |
| 5. | General rules of incorporation clauses in b / l - as a common contract clause , incorporation clause in b / l should be analyzed with general contractual construing rules
在提单并入条款的一般规定方面，本文首先是将提单并入条款作为一条普通的合同条款，从合同条款解释的一般原则出发进行分析。 |
| 6. | After that i also analyze that some unreasonable clause ( for example : delivery the goods without b / l ) of the charter - party could be incorporated into the b / l by incorporation clause or not ; by the law rule of the england i try to point
之后又分析了租约中一些看似不太合理的条款（如无单放货条款）能否以提单中的合并条款并入提单，结合英国判例法的做法，针对我国的现状，本人试图提出一些肤浅的观点。 |
| 7. | And i analyze the effect of incorporation clause in the special situations , such as re - charter ; the incorporation clause has some blanks ; and the effect of the incorporation clause is showed when the oral contract is incorporated into the bill of lading
并具体分析了几种特殊情况下对提单中并入条款效力的认定，这几种特殊情况是在转租船的情况下；提单并入条款存在空白时；以及口头租约并入时的租约提单并入条款的效力问题。 |
| 8. | We will reach the essence of it in this chapter by reading the leading cases such as the merak [ 1965 ] and the annefield [ 1971 ] , which reflect the attitude of english court towards general incorporation clause and special incorporation clause ; the miramar [ 1984 ] and the rena - k [ 1978 ] , which reveal the verbal manipulation regulations on incorporated clauses from c / p ; the sannicholas [ 1976 ] , which gives resolution when the incorporation clause fails to point out the c / p meant to incorporate
本文在分析英国典型案例的基础上对这些规定逐一予以分析。首先，通过merak案、 annefield案的分析介绍英国法对一般并入条款和特别并入条款的规定；其次，通过miramar案、 renak案的分析揭示英国法对意图被并入提单的租约条款作语言调整的规定；最后，通过sannicholas案阐明英国法在并入条款未指明提单意图并入哪一份租约时的处理方式。 |
| 9. | Chinese current situation - there is three major controversies , which result in inconsistency in judicial decisions . they are the requirement on the form of incorporation clause , the validity of incorporating the arbitration clause from c / p into b / l and meanwhile restricting the b / l holder as the third party and the method of identifying the proper law of incorporated arbitration clause
主要集中在三个方面：第一，司法审判对并入条款的形式要求不一致；第二，对仲裁条款是否可以被并入提单以约束非租方的提单持有人的问题，现存的观点不一致；第三，对被并入提单的仲裁条款的准据法的选择方式不一致。 |
| 10. | This thesis focuses on the topics as follows : firstly , general rules of incorporation clauses in b / l ; secondly , regulations of american and english case law regarding incorporation clause in b / l , and finally analysis of the contradiction of the judicial decisions of our country in this area . the aim of the article is to provide examples and reduce inconsistency
针对我国关于租约中仲裁条款并入问题的司法判例尚未统一和明确的现状，本文先后介绍了提单中并入条款的一般规定；英国法关于提单并入条款的规定；美国法关于提单并入条款的规定；并在本论文中分析了我国关于租约仲裁条款并入提单的司法审判不一致的主要方面及各种现存的观点，旨在提供一些可供借鉴的他国经验，为司法的统一尽棉薄之力。 |
