An autophagic activity of vacuoles has been suspected because of the presence in the cell sap of material of cytoplasmic origin . 由于细胞液中存在着来源于细胞质的物质，液泡的自体吞噬活性曾受到怀疑。
2.
Subcellular localization by immunofluorescence revealed that two rat isoforms are associated with the autophagic pathway . these results are help to discover the mechanisms and functions of autophagy in vivo 另外，通过荧光定位以及与mdc的共定位分析发现两个基因与大鼠的lc3相似，也是定位在自噬体上。
3.
Subcellular localization by cell fractionation , immunofluorescence revealed that three human isoforms were associated with membranes involved in the autophagic pathway . the glycine and lysine respectively decided the location of autophagosome of human map1lc3a and map1lc3b . in addition , our results indicated that other proteins were involved in the post tranlational modification of human map1lc3b and this modication could be induced by amino acid starvation 人lc3a的膜定位与gly120位点的切割和修饰紧密相关，而人lc3b的膜定位是与lys122相关，进一步证明了修饰方式的特异性，对人lc3b的进一步研究表明参与其修饰的分子也与其它基因不同，并且饥饿可以诱导其修饰的发生。
