When the surface temperature during laser illumination reached 36 - 45 , a 30 - 100 m / sec cryogen spurt was delivered 利用红外线温度检测回馈系统来控制冷媒喷射出的时间。
2.
When a cryogen spurt is applied to the skin surface for an appropriately short period of time ( on the order of milliseconds ) , the cooling remains localized in the epidermis , while leaving the temperature of the deeper vessels of hemangiomas unchanged 摘要激光治疗血管瘤成功的先决条件是经由选择性光热效应破坏皮下扩张的血管而不造成表皮的伤害。
3.
When a cryogen spurt is applied to the skin surface for an appropriately short period of time ( on the order of milliseconds ) , the cooling remains localized in the epidermis , while leaving the temperature of the deeper vessels of hemangiomas unchanged 摘要雷射治疗血管瘤成功的先决条件是经由选择性光热效应破坏皮下扩张的血管而不造成表皮的伤害。
4.
Hydrotropic solution of calcium chloride is the important cryogen for refrigerator and ice making . it is also a good anti - freeze agent and agglomerating agent in construction for concrete hardening and cold hardiness of sand mortar 氯化钙水溶液是冷冻机用和制冰用的重要致冷剂，基建上能加速混凝土的硬化和增加建筑砂浆的耐寒能力，是优良的建筑防冻剂凝结剂。
5.
The technology of uncooled infrared focal plane arrays ( fpa ) is a new developing way for wide commercial applications and military applications , for it owns the advantages of light weight , no need of cryogen , low cost and so on 由于非致冷红外焦平面阵列系统具有重量轻、无需致冷、成本低等优点，有广泛的军用和民用市场，因而这项技术是一个行之有效的发展新方向。
6.
The former is to gain refrigeration volume through the process of adsorbing adsorbate ( cryogen ) by adsorbents ; while in desiccant cooling , solid adsorbent is used to remove the moisture from the surrounding 吸附式制冷是利用固体吸附剂对吸附质(制冷剂)的吸附过程而获得冷量的。吸附除湿制冷是用固体吸附剂将空气中的水蒸汽部分除去，并与蒸发冷却等技术结合，达到制冷效果的制冷方法。
7.
The dissertation shows how a series of well - performing composite adsorbents that prepared by author suitable for the features of adsorption refrigeration are gained by using water and ethanol as cryogen ( adsorbate ) , which cause no harm to body and environment . the performance of the working pairs of water or ethanol with the composite adsorbents in the refrigeration through adsorption and desiccant cooling are thoroughly examined by experiments . the dissertation also examines , through energy analysis , the refrigeration efficiency and utilization ratio of the adsorption refrigeration , and analyzes the economic potential of the adsorption air - conditioning 以对人体无伤害、对环境无污染的水和乙醇作为吸附制冷工质，研制出适合于吸附制冷特点的性能优良的一系列复合吸附剂；对水或乙醇与自制复合吸附剂组成的制冷工质对的吸附式制冷和吸附除湿制冷的性能进行了深入的实验研究；用有效能分析方法讨论了吸附制冷循环的制冷效率和能量的利用率；对吸附式空调的经济性进行了分析。
8.
The primary results showed : using m199 as diluents containing 20 % bovine serum , it is better to freeze the cells slowly freezing at fist then increase freezing speed ( for example , from 0 to - 6 freezing speed is about - 0 . 05 a minute , from - 6 to - 40 , freezing speed is about - 0 . 5 a minute ) , studies on effect of various concentration of dmso demonstrate that about 12 . 5 % dmso gave the highest post - thaw percentage of viable cells . the concentration of bovine serum had no different effect on the percentage of the viable embryo cells of misgurnus auguillicaudatus . the embryo cells derived 6 from the later stage of blastula offish is more resistant to the cryogen than the cells of early stage of blastula . the cells preserved in liquid nitrogen at - 196 were thawed and cultivated , a few cells were found adhere to the surface of culture vessel when the percentage of viable cell was more than 30 % . the cells in only two culture vessels were found to proliferated and gave rise to many small morphologically undifferentiated cells 研究初步表明:以细胞培养液m199 (含2既的小牛血清，常规量双抗)为冻存稀释液对泥鳅胚胎细胞冷冻保存宜采取先慢后快的方式(例如，从0一一6 ，冻存速度为一0 . 05 / min ，再以一0 . 5 / min的速度从一6一一40 ) ; dmso的保护效应浓度为12 . 506左右;小牛血清的浓度对泥鳅胚胎细胞的成活率影响不明显;囊胚晚期细胞抗冻性比中早期强;通过对不同批次的冻存细胞解冻培养，解冻后成活率为30 %以上细胞培养数天后均有少数细胞贴壁，但只发现两瓶培养细胞有明显增殖现象产生许多未分化的小细胞。
9.
Second , the starting and stopping behaviors under disturbed condition are analyzed and calculated by using the dynamic concentrative parameter model , which gives some advice to better prescribe refrigeration system and set theoretic foundation for carrying out automatic control of refrigeration system . third , the normal running process is analyzed and calculated by means of rational matching theory , which gives some advice on how to better understand the parameter change under steady state and the affection of inlet - parameter on evaporator . fourth , the simulation software with dynamic characteristic is designed , which can be applied to calculate thernio - parameter of cryogen , air humidity and frost thickness under different initial and boundary conditions , and to carry out dynamic simulation under conditions of dryness , wetness and frostiness , at the same time , to achieve detection and simulation at any stage from starting to stopping 本文的主要内容如下： 1 )对翅片管蒸发器结构特点进行分析，选取适当的微元控制体，就干、湿和霜工况下对每个微元分别进行传热传质分析，基于经验关系式确定霜的有关参数，对于霜工况下的霜生长建立模型，经适当假设，运用质量守恒、能量守恒和动量守恒方程建立适合动态仿真的蒸发器数学模型，为系统仿真奠定基础； 2 )对蒸发在大扰动下的开、停机过程，运用动态集中参数模型进行分析和计算，为更好地描述制冷系统运行的全过程奠定基础，同时也为制冷系统实现自动控制提供一定的理论基础； 3 )对蒸发器正常运行过程，运用动态分布参数和参数间定量耦合的观点来分析和计算，为更好地了解稳态工况下各点参数的变化情况及各入口参数对蒸发器动态特性的影响即蒸发器性能对各参数变化的敏感性； 4 )编写翅片管蒸发器动态特性仿真计算程序，可以计算不同边界条件和初始条件下的制冷剂热力参数、空气温湿度和霜厚度分布场，实现对翅片管蒸发器在干、湿和霜工况下的动态仿真。
10.
The thesis focuses on the development of the dynamic simulation model of evaporators , the accomplishment of the stable and dynamic simulation of the parameters of cryogen - side , air - side and how to carry out dynamic simulation on the refrigerating effect of evaporators under different evaporating temperature and the realization of the analyses and calculations of the main parameters , such as , the wind speed of air - side and specific humidity etc , which affect the function of evaporators 本文重点是对蒸发器建立动态仿真模型，并对制冷剂侧和空气侧参数进行稳态和动态仿真，同时对蒸发器在不同蒸发温度下的制冷量进行了动态仿真，而且对影响蒸发器性能的主要参数(空气侧入口风速、入口含湿量等)进行了分析和计算。
