Sqlite is an open source embeddable database engine written in c by d . richard hipp Sqlite是d . richard hipp用c语言编写的开源嵌入式数据库引擎。
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In addition , for general erlang ( n ) risk model , an integro - diifcrontial equation for the probability of ultimate ruin are presented : dickson arid hipp ( 2001 ) consider the erlang ( 2 ) risk model , and introduce the expectation of the discounted penalty h ' ( u ) which determines the joint and the marginal distribution of the time to ruin ( t ) , the surplus prior to ruin ( u ( t - ) } and the deficit at ruin ( | u ( t ) | ) Dicksonandhipp ( 2001 )同样考虑了erlang ( 2 )这种风险模型，并介绍了破产时的罚金折现期望w ( u )这一概念。由罚金折现期望可得到破产时刻( t ) ，破产前的瞬间盈余( u ( t ? ) )和破产时的赤字( u ( t ) )的分布和它们的联合分布，并给出了罚金折现期望满足的一积分-微分方程，由此方程得到了罚金折现期望的拉普拉斯变换。
