Flowers are often fertilized by bees as they gather nectar 蜜蜂采蜜时常使花受粉
2.
The botanist observes that the bee flying with the pollen fertilises the pistil , and in this he sees the object of the bee 植物学家看到，蜜蜂飞来飞去把异株花粉带到雌蕊上，使雌蕊受粉，因此就认为蜜蜂活着是为了传送花粉。
3.
Emasculation the removal of the stamens of a plant before the anthers burst to prevent self - pollination or unwanted crosses to nearby plants 去雄：在植物花粉囊裂开之前将雄蕊摘除，以防止自花受粉或与邻近植物的有害杂交。
4.
5 . the fructified rate by self - pollination is 19 . 4 % , and the rate by artificial pollination amounts to 67 . 2 % . the best time of pollintion is 24 hours after blooming 自花受粉结实率为19 . 4 % ，人工辅助授粉结实率达67 . 2 % ，最佳授粉时间在开花后24小时前后。
5.
The stamens and pistil of d . versipelis mature before the flowers open , which shows that dysosma versipelis may be autogamous . d . versipelis produce few fruits . ovaries of d . versipelis seldom develop in nature , but will develop after being pollinated with pollen of another plant 八角莲的花在花苞未展开时，雄蕊和雌蕊便已成熟，说明八角莲的繁育系统为自花受粉，八角莲座果率非常低，自然状态下，子房不膨大，人工异交后的子房有膨大现象，说明八角莲自交低育，有生殖障碍。
