| 1. | The observatory has been using gpv model outputs from the european centre for medium - range weather forecasts ecmwf and the united kingdom meteorological office via the
便需要倚赖全球模式。事实上，天文台自一九八五年便开始使用欧洲中期天气预报中心及英国气象局的数值天气预报模式数据。 |
| 2. | Ecmwf ( 1977 ) . proceedings of the ecmwf workshop on the use of empirical orthogonal functions in meteorology , 2 ? 4 november , 1977 , european center for medium range forecasts , reading , uk . ecmwf ( 1977 )
Ecmwf经验正交函数在气象上应用的专题会议论文集，于1977年11月2 ? 4日，在欧洲中期天气预报中心举行（联合王国，里丁市） 。 |
| 3. | Objective forecasts of large scale meteorological patterns are received from overseas meteorological centres , such as the european centre for medium range weather forecasts and the japan meteorological agency
每日，天气预测总部均取得由欧洲中期天气预报中心及日本气象厅等海外气象中心发出关于大尺度气象形势的客观预报。 |
| 4. | Objective forecasts of large scale meteorological patterns are received from overseas meteorological centres , such as the european centre for medium range weather forecasts and the japan meteorological agency
每日，天气预测总部均取得由欧洲中期天气预报中心及日本气象厅等海外气象中心发出关于大尺度气象形势的客观预报。 |
| 5. | Up to 5 days ahead have to rely on global nwp models run elsewhere . the observatory has been using gpv model outputs from the european centre for medium - range weather forecasts ( ecmwf ) and the united kingdom meteorological office via the
便需要倚赖全球模式。事实上，天文台自一九八五年便开始使用欧洲中期天气预报中心及英国气象局的数值天气预报模式数据。数据的传送是通过世界气象组织的 |
| 6. | From 1999 onwards , additional ecmwf higher resolution gpv products in grib format are obtained via beijing and offenbach . and beginning in 2002 , global model products from the us national center for environmental prediction are also retrieved via the internet
此外，自一九九九年开始亦经由北京及德国奥芬巴赫取得欧洲中期天气预报中心以grib格式发放的较高分辨率数值产品，而二零零二年起更透过互联网取得美国国家环境预报中心的全球模式产品。 |
| 7. | From 1999 onwards , additional ecmwf higher resolution gpv products in grib format are obtained via beijing and offenbach . and beginning in 2002 , global model products from the us national center for environmental prediction are also retrieved via the internet
此外，自一九九九年开始亦经由北京及德国奥芬巴赫取得欧洲中期天气预报中心以grib格式发放的较高分辨率数值产品，而二零零二年起更透过互联网取得美国国家环境预报中心的全球模式产品。 |
| 8. | As an input to formulation of weather forecasts , aviation forecasters use outputs from the numerical weather prediction models of the european centre for medium range weather forecasts and the united kingdom meteorological office received in the form of grid point values via the global telecommunication system
欧洲中期天气预报中心及英国气象局经全球电信系统向外发放数值天气预报模式的网格点数据。航空预报员使用这些资料，作为制定天气预报的一项依据。 |
| 9. | As an input to formulation of weather forecasts , aviation forecasters use outputs from the numerical weather prediction models of the european centre for medium range weather forecasts and the united kingdom meteorological office received in the form of grid point values via the global telecommunication system
欧洲中期天气预报中心及英国气象局经全球电信系统向外发放数值天气预报模式的网格点数据。航空预报员使用这些资料，作为制定天气预报的一项依据。 |
| 10. | The main conclusions are as follows : ( 1 ) this new method can give a quantitative standard to estimate whether this numerical model is able to simulate the observational data at time t . moreover , it can directly find the initial field to simulate optimally the observational data at time t , namely , the optimal initial field
同一个模式中，或者把相同的初始场输入到不同的数值天气预报中心的模式，通过一系列对比试验得出结论。但对于给定的一个数值模式和一种初始场，传统方法则不容易识别哪种误差对模拟结果的影响占主要。 |
