| 1. | Numerical weather prediction
数值模式预报 |
| 2. | Data assimilation is an effective approach to improve the numerical forecasts skill
资料同化是提高数值模式预报能力的有效方法。 |
| 3. | The weather system and precipitation predict - ed by the model is close to the real case
用该模式预报的形势场与实况较一致，预报的暴雨强度、位置也与实况相近。 |
| 4. | Accuracy of pw retrieved from gps observation can be improved by using the average vertical temperature calculated from mm5 outputs
应用mm5模式预报结果计算大气平均温度可提高gps可降水量的反演精度。 |
| 5. | Since 1985 the hong kong observatory has been using numerical models to forecast wave conditions over the china seas and the western north pacific in support of such specialized service
为了提供这些专门服务，天文台自一九八五年开始应用数值模式预报中国沿海及北太平洋西部的海浪情况。 |
| 6. | In practice , the initial state of the atmosphere is analyzed by taking a previous short - range model forecast , ingesting the latest meteorological observations to update the situation , and then starting a new forecast cycle
在业务运作上，大气初始状况的分析是利用最新气象观测资料订正先前的短期模式预报，再进行新一轮的预报运算。 |
| 7. | In practice , the initial state of the atmosphere is analyzed by taking a previous short - range model forecast , ingesting the latest meteorological observations to update the situation , and then starting a new forecast cycle
在业务运作上，大气初始状况的分析是利用最新气象观测资料订正先前的短期模式预报，再进行新一轮的预报运算。 |
| 8. | The circumstance calculated by mm5 forecast system is very near compared with the real one ; . the physical quantity and precipitation calculated by mm5 forecast system should be well used in work ; the area and numeric of the precipitation forecasted by mm5 have some difference compared with the fact , that needs more some more work to make progress
该模式对这次冷涡暴雨的形势模拟与实际形势场极其接近，是一个成功的应用范例； ( 5 ) 、 mm5模式对各种物理量和降水场的模拟结果与实况接近，在精细化的定点定量预报实践中具有很好的参考价值； ( 6 ) 、 mm5模式预报降水范围和强度与实况还有一定偏差，需要进一步深入的工作来改进。 |
| 9. | The result was used to adjust relative humidity and to enhance the ability of mm5 mesoscale modeling system to produce accurate forecast of precipitation . we define the air condition includes 5 kinds : the clear sky , semitransparent or fractional cloud , high cloud and low cloud and middle cloud . in this process , we present the method development for the generation of cloud based on gms - 5 images . mm5 ( fifth - generation perm . state / near mesoscale model ) output will be extensively used for the off - line computation of dynamic changeable mutispectral thresholds in order to adapt to variable weather using statistical regressive relations produced by optimal regressive analysis
基于常规地面观测资料，将天空状况分为晴空、半透明云或碎云、高云、中云和低云5种情况，用最优回归分析法对mm5模式的三维要素场和常规地面观测资料进行统计分析，得出云判别和云分类的卫星云图多谱阈值的统计关系统计回归判别方程，对卫星云图进行云判别和云分类，据此得出mm5中尺度数值模式初始场各点的云分布，并对模式初始场的相对湿度进行调整，以达到改善中尺度数值预报模式预报结果的目的。 |
| 10. | Observations obtained from overseas sources as well as from local networks are decoded and quality - checked for doubtful or erroneous data . short - range forecast fields i . e . 3 - hour forecast from 20 - km inner model and 6 - hour forecast from 60 - km outer model from the previous model run are used as first - guess or background in assimilating the latest observational data . objective analyses are then carried out and currently a three - dimensional optimal interpolation method is used to prepare the initial fields for the model forecast
天文台从海外及本地网络取得观测资料，经过译码后，便会进行质量控制检查，把可疑和错误的数据剔除，然后利用上一次模式运行所得出的短期预报场，即20公里内模式的3小时预报及60公里外模式的6小时预报，作为初估背景场，再注入最新观测数据，进行客观分析，以得出模式预报的初始场。 |
