Figure 3 : the simple white - on - black test pattern used to determine some of the effects of aperture shape on the out - of - focus images 图三：一些简单的黑白的测试图样，用于判定光圈形状对失焦图像的影响。
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Figure 4 : here ' s the test target as photographed with an upwards pointing triangular lens opening and with the film too close to the lens 图三：一些简单的黑白的测试图样，用于判定光圈形状对失焦图像的影响。
