Note the abrupt transition ( arrows ) from urothelium to intestinal - type epithelium in this example of intestinal metaplasia seen in a bladder biopsy 这是一例膀胱活检标本,箭头所指处为膀胱上皮突然转变为肠上皮的转折点。
2.
Urothelium normally consists of 4 to 6 layers of cells . the uppermost layer consists of umbrella cells ( not well seen in this image ) which may hae irregular hyperchromatic nuclei 正常膀胱上皮含有4 6层上皮细胞。最浅表的一层里包括伞状细胞,细胞核呈不规则深染。