My opinions of the social change and paoge ' emergence in sichuan in the late qing dynasty 对清季四川社会变迁与袍哥滋生的认识
2.
For this reason , any study focusing on the social and cultural aspects of western sichuan province in the past 100 years should not neglect the role of teahouses . moreover , rather than equating teahouses as dining places , we should view them as public spaces for public lives , making out their relationship to and deviation from traditional public spaces such as ancestral halls , temples , guild hall , secret society such as paoge . what happens in teahouse belongs to the category of what habermas terms " associating activities " 研究川西地方社会和文化百年来的进程，茶馆是无论如何不能被忽视的；不仅不能忽视，而且还要突破以往把川西茶馆拘囿于民俗和饮食文化研究的窠臼，将其纳入地方公共生活和公共空间的范畴，由此发现川西茶馆与传统公共空间如宗祠、寺庙、会馆以及袍哥组织的联系，厘清其间的继承和变异关系。
3.
I will also analyze how teahouses , as outgrowths of traditional public places , differ from their predecessors . my investigations will lead to the conclusion that teahouses at western sichuan province are conductive to social integration and provide a possible formula for the remedy of many modern traumas 茶馆是川西社会公共生活的重要场所，它与各种行帮、协会、袍哥组织等公共领域有着极深的关系，为各种公共生活提供了一个不分民族、不分族群、不分阶层、不分区域的公共活动空间。
