| 1. | The integrand is not handed down from on high .
被积函数并不是从天上掉下来的。 |
| 2. | The first term of the integrand represents the contribution to the error power due to noise .
被积函数的第一项表示噪声对误差功率的影响。 |
| 3. | When imposed some restrictions on the integrand , the limit can be equal zero at infinity
当对被积函数作某些限制时，其在无穷远处的极限可以为零。 |
| 4. | Where is called the integral sign , is called the integrand , and is the integral variable
其中被称为积分号，称为被积函数，被称为被积表达式，称为积分变量。 |
| 5. | The limit of the integrand f ( x ) of abnormal integral , which is convergent in the infinite range of integration , is not certainly equal zero at infinity
摘要无穷限反常积分收敛时，其被积函数在无穷远处的极限不一定为零。 |
| 6. | If the integrand is related to the top integral function in definite integral computation , the definite integral possesses the different expression from
在定积分计算中，当被积函数与上取整函数有关时，会有不同的表达形式。 |
| 7. | According to the variation , features of the integrand , the values of peaks and troughs are taken out and formed a slowly convergent series , and the repeated averaging scheme is performed to calculate the limit rapidly and accurately
根据被积函数的变化特点，将波峰和波谷值抽取出来组成慢收敛序列，利用重复平均法快速而准确地求出其极限值。 |
| 8. | Chapter 1 deals with the numerical simulation method . chapter 2 deals with the monte carlo methods . the monte carlo integration that the domain of integration is curved or complex connected curved polyhedron and the integrand has singular points is discussed in this chapter
第二章讨论了用montecarlo数值模拟方法求积分区域为曲面体和积分区域为复连通曲面体的情形，且被积函数有奇异点。 |
| 9. | The subsection integral is used to get a simple function at first in the numerical calculation , and boundary integral is realized by gauss integral on each panel and line , then the complexity and isstability as a result of the high frequency surge function can be avoided
数值计算中，首先采用分部积分对被积函数进行简化处理，然后采用高斯积分实现面元和线元上的积分，避免了被积函数为高频振荡函数所带来的数值计算的复杂性和不确定性。 |
| 10. | The integrands in the dispersion equation are not integrable in general , so we used the asymptotic expansion solution to analyze the behavior of the dispersion relation at the singularity and mapped the dispersion relation curves approximately the system composed of collisionless particles which obey maxwellian distribution or all kinds of degenerate distribution , even in their mixture system , their dispersion relation are analogous
一般来说，色散方程中的被积函数都是难以求积的，本文是用函数逼近法分析色散方程在奇点处的行为，并大致划出色散关系曲线。由无碰撞粒子组成的系统，不管初始分布是maxwell分布还是各种简并分布，甚至是这些分布的混合体，色散关系都是相似的。 |
