In most mammals mature erythrocytes are biconcave disks that have no nuclei 在多数哺乳动物中，成熟红细胞呈双凹面盘样，无细胞核。
2.
Red blood cells were imged by afm and the typical biconcave shapes were observed . the ultrastructure of rbc membrane was also gained . the morphological changes of red blood cell ( rbc ) membrane after the interaction of trichosanthin ( tcs ) were clearly observed by afm 对红细胞进行成像，观察到红细胞双面凹的典型特征，小范围扫描观察到了红细胞膜表面的超微结构，在此基础上研究了红细胞与天花粉蛋白作用后红细胞膜表面超微结构的变化，并对二者作用的机理进行了分析讨论。
3.
In this paper , we give a brief introduction to the helfrich elastic theory . to solve the helfrich equation under the physical conditions of vesicles , a taylor series method is introduced , which offers a unified method to reproduce the exact solution including the famous axisymmetrical constant - curvature surfaces and the biconcave shape solution 本文在简要介绍了helfrich的弹性理论及膜方程的基础上，开创性地引入taylor级数法，在轴对称膜的边界条件下，对helfrich膜方程以taylor级数法求解，统一地得到了目前已知的两个特解：常平均曲率曲面和红血球形状解。
