There are basically two types of endemism . 特有现象基本有两种类群。
2.
Endemism of vertebrates and invertebrates is also very high 公园里的本地特有的脊椎动物和无脊椎动物也很多。
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However , endemism in the limestone flora of hainan is not obvious as compared to that of neighboring provinces 从特有植物的分布来看昌江是海南一个重要的石灰岩植物分化中心。
4.
Microhabitats can be established on these isolated islands , which are of ecological value and can support endemism e . g . romer s tree frog on lantau island 在这些独立的岛屿可找到具生态价值及蕴藏特有物种的微生境，如在大屿山栖居的卢文氏树蛙。
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The islands , lying between the antarctic and subtropical convergences and the seas , have a high level of productivity , biodiversity , wildlife population densities and endemism among birds , plants and invertebrates 这些岛屿位于南极和亚热带之间的海域，具有富饶的资源和多种多样的生物，包括野生动植物，特殊的鸟类，植物以及无脊椎动物。
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The site contains a distinct range of species with a high level of endemism and reveals a pattern of evolution that is not only of great scientific interest but is also of importance for conservation 这个地区内生长有许多极具当地特色的动植物物种，同时也展示出物种的进化过程，这些特点不仅仅具有很高的科学价值，同是也有很高的保护意义。
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The floristic elements of the rare and endangered plants in yunnan province have such features as ancient origin , obvious endemism , complicated elements and wide connection with other flora , including many ancient , relic and endemic species 云南省珍稀濒危植物的区系成分具有起源古老、特有性强、地理成分复杂、联系广泛的特征。包括大量系统发生上较古老的、残遗的和特有的成分。
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Plant endemism is the key problem in floristic study . analysis of endemism in a flora has significant implications in demonstrating floristic richness and diversity , the relationship between plants and their environment , and also in conserving biodiversity of the flora . in view of the situation that most of the past studies on endemism were qualitative , this study is the first tentative approach to the introduction of quantitative indices to the analysis of floristic endemism , with an purpose to push the study of endemism from qualitative to quantitative . four quantitative indices are introduced , i . e . level of endemism ( l ) , coefficient of endemism ( c ) , degree of endemism ( d ) and general index of endemism ( a ) . mathematical formulae have been given to each of the above indices and explanations for them have been presented , and the scope of their use in floristic studies has been delimited and exemplified in this paper . the result shows that they are of good applicability . the proposed indices embody full information of plant systematics and plant geography . with the aid of qualitative analysis , the application of the proposed indices will improve the comparability and precision of endemism study in floristics 过去有关特有现象的研究主要限于定性的分析，可比性和精确性较差.该文尝试引入特有现象的定量化指标，以推动特有现象的分析研究从定性水平向定量水平迈进.所引入的4种定量化指标分别是：特有水平、特有系数、特有度以及特有综合指数.对每种量化指标都给出了数学表达式，说明了其区系学意义，例证和界定了这些指标在植物区系分析中的应用，结果表明，它们有良好的适用性.这些指标充分地包含了植物系统学和植物区系学的信息.结合定性分析，这些指标的应用将增强植物区系研究的可比性，使植物区系特有现象的分析达到更精确的水平
