These were controlled by multiple allels or by loci with allels that segregate independently whereby epistasis also may have played a role . 这些是受复等位基因或含分离等位基因的位点支配的，上位性也可能靠它而起了作用。
2.
Additionally , several test problems with epistasis for gas were described 阐述了几个常见的基因关联问题。
3.
4 . we probed into some methods to measure ga - hardness . first of all , we compared three approaches : fdc , correlation length , and epistasis measures 4 .对常见的几种遗传算法困难度测试方法（ fdc测试、相关长度测试与基因关联测试法）进行了分析比较。
4.
Then , we investigated the epistasis of gas using walsh - schema transform , and further evaluated the epistasis order for the < wp = 5 > continuous function optimization problems 利用walsh模式变换对遗传算法基因关联问题进行了分析，并对连续函数优化问题的基因关联阶数进行了估计。
5.
Epistasis and genotype x environment interaction exist universally and have been testified by a lot of researches . these effects play an important role in inheritance , evolution and heterosis in plants 上位性和基因型环境互作存在的普遍性利它们在植物遗传、进化和杂朴优势中的重要作用已为大量研究所证实。
6.
Meanwhile , for the statistical analysis model of epistasis introduced by davidor , we discussed epistasis variance and epistasis correlation , and further induced two theorems , of which we gave strict mathematic proof 同时对基因关联进行了统计分析，讨论了基因关联方差及基因关联相关系数，归纳出两个定理并给予了严格的数学证明。
7.
Because traditional epistasis measure methods can only reflect the extent of interaction between all genes in the chromosome , we used correlation length analysis and epistasis measures on the fitness landscapes of schemata to test the extent of interdependence between some certain gene loci in study 针对传统的测试基因关联的方法只能给出染色体中所有基因位的整体关联程度的情况，通过在模式适应值曲面上分别进行相关长度测试和基因关联测试，以研究染色体中一些特定位之间的基因关联程度。
