The first and second longest chromosomes are important in karyotype analysis and most of which are metacentric chromosome and submetacentric chromosome in lilium . hybrids were distinguishable by the existence and position of secondary constriction and arm ratio 百合的第一对和第二对染色体多为中着丝粒和近中着丝粒染色体，可以根据次缢痕有无与位置及臂比鉴定杂种。
5.
A new method and the principle is presented for plotting the critical metacentric height curve which meets imo ' s intact stability criteria and weather criteria , and the critical metacentric height curve which meets 1976 solas intact stability criteria . and the critical metacentric height curve is used in the stability check of bulk grain carriers in accordance with the stability rules for bulk grain ca rriers 本文还具体给出了满足imo完整稳性和天气衡准的临界初稳性高度的求作方法，以及满足1976solas公约散装谷物船舶的稳性衡准要求的临界初稳性高度的原理和求作方法，并将由此得到的临界初稳性高度曲线综合运用到散装谷物船舶的稳性校核。
6.
In this paper , the genetic diversity of qinghai - lake naked carps was studied for the first time by methods of chromosome karyotype , protein ( isomzy ) electrophoresis and mtdna rflp . the results of chromosome karyotype indicated that : ? the diploid chromosome number of qinghai - lake nakked carp was 2n = 92 that comprised of 18 metacentric chromosomes , 18 submetacentric chromosomes , 16 telocentric chromosomes and 40 acrocentric chromosomes , and the karyotype formula was 18nvh8snvh6st + 40t , nf = 128 染色体核型研究结果表明；青海湖裸鲤染色体总数2n = 92条，由18条中着丝粒染色体、 18条近中着丝粒染色体、 16条近端着丝粒染色体和40条端着丝粒染色体组成，其核型式为： 18m + 18sm + 16st + 40t ， nf = 128 。
7.
This showed that the diploid chromosome number ( 2n ) of amphioxus b . belcheri tsingtauense was 36 . the chromosomes were extremely small , ranging from 1 . 4 to 3 . 7 um in length . the first pair of the 36 chromosomes of b . belcheri tsingtauense was subtelocentric and the other 17 pairs telocentric . neither metacentric nor submetacentric chromosomes nor satellites were observed 在36条染色体中，除第一对染色体属亚端部着丝粒染色体( st )外，其余均为端部着丝粒染色体( t ) ，未见中部着丝粒染色体( m )和亚中部着丝粒染色体( sm )及随体。
