The researchers used radiocarbon dating on 22 pieces of microscopic charcoal found among neandertal tools in fire pits in gorham cave 研究者们使用放射性碳方法为在山洞中发现的22片木炭确定年代
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And when these genes are found , i predict they will show that we are closer to the neandertals than mitochondrial dna alone would suggest 在下一章中我们将看到我们与黑猩猩]大行星的演化历史有多么不同。
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It now appears that their primitive stone tools may have fooled us into selling the ancestors of the neandertals short 现在的情况似乎是他们我们祖先的石头工具大大地开了我们一个玩笑，因为这使我们完全低估了尼安德塔人的祖先的真正能力。
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Homo sapiens was supposed to have had the planet to itself for the past 25 millennia , free from the company of other humans following the apparent demise of the neandertals in europe and homo erectus in asia 过去大家以为，欧洲的尼安德塔人与亚洲的直立人， 2万5000年前都灭绝了，然后我们智人成为地球上唯一的人。
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The iberian peninsula ? now home to spain , portugal , and gibraltar ? was a final holdout for neandertals ( often spelled " neanderthals " ) as modern humans spread across the rest of europe and an ice age descended , a new study says 一份新的研究表明,伊比利亚半岛-现属西班牙和葡萄牙及直布罗陀-可能是尼安德安人最后活动的地区.那时冰河期结束,现代人种开始广泛分布于欧洲的其它地区
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Evolutionary biologists passionately debate diverse topics : how speciation happens , the rates of evolutionary change , the ancestral relationships of birds and dinosaurs , whether neandertals were a species apart from modern humans , and much more 演化生物学家热烈辩论的题材可多了：新物种如何形成、演化速率、鸟类与恐龙的亲缘关系、尼安德塔人与现代人是否同一个物种… …多著哪！
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Their disappearance coincided with the arrival in southern europe of the cro - magnon people and a number of other groups , who were virtually indistinguishable from modern humans and had far more sophisticated cultures . most people have assumed that the cro - magnons were simply too clever for the neandertals and were able to drive them swiftly and mercilessly to extinction 尼安德塔人决不是那么容易被征服的? ?第一位克罗马农人的出现( 35 , 000年前)和最后一位尼安德塔人的消失( 28 , 000年前) ，在时间上至少相隔了7000年，而这段时间比起我们现存有记录的文明历史还要长。
