The standard method by which this sort of system persists ? the distribution of franchises , permits and visas , and the appointments to practically all the key jobs in government , the civil service and parastatal agencies by virtue of loyalty and tribe ? helped the economy lose momentum 让我们来看看这些：公民权、许可证与签证的分配，政府中几乎所有主要职位的委任，靠忠诚与种族兄弟关系建立起来的行政事务与非国家经营的机构，整个国家运营系统所依靠的标准规范都只是将国家经济引向一个衰退的深渊。
