| 1. | What is more , some of the specific gene families giving rise to pseudogenes differ significantly between mouse and human
除此之外，一些特定的基因家族形成伪基因的情形，在人和鼠之间也有明显的差异。 |
| 2. | However , marked high transition / transversion was found on loop e . this could be caused by the presence of pseudogenes . in the spacer region , elements related to tra
长度差异体现在基因间隔区，而基因区极端保守， “基本为120hp 。 |
| 3. | These observations indicate that very disparate events have led to independent bursts of retrotransposition that created pseudogenes in each of the lineages
这项观察显示，各种不同的机缘导致独立的反转录移位，而造就两种生物世系各自不同的伪基因。 |
| 4. | Comparisons of pseudogenes in related genomes can nonetheless reveal important information about the history of specific genes and the general workings of molecular evolution
然而比较相近生物基因组的伪基因，却可揭露特定基因和一般分子演化的重要资讯。 |
| 5. | Scientists can use this tendency to derive a kind of molecular clock from the nucleotide changes in pseudogenes and use it to study the overall dynamics and evolution of the genome
科学家可以利用伪基因核苷酸的变化做为分子时钟，并藉以研究整个基因组的变迁和演化。 |
| 6. | Those responsible for basic cellular housekeeping functions , such as the genes in the ribosomal protein family , are abundantly expressed , providing more opportunities to create processed pseudogenes
那些负责细胞基本功能的基因（像是核糖体蛋白质基因）活动频繁，有比较多的机会产生加工型伪基因。 |
| 7. | Using the rate of sequence decay relative to the parent genes to determine their age , it is also clear that many pseudogenes in the human and mouse genomes have arisen at different times
科学家利用伪基因相对于原基因的损毁率来判定它们的形成年代，结果发现人类和小鼠许多伪基因都是在不同时期形成的。 |
| 8. | In fact , humans have considerably more olfactory receptor pseudogenes than chimpanzees do , indicating that we lost many of those functional genes after our split from the ape lineage
事实上，人类嗅觉受体伪基因要比黑猩猩多出许多，显示我们在演化之路与猿类分道扬镳后，就失去了许多功能性嗅觉受体基因。 |
| 9. | Pseudogenes may analogously be vestiges of old code associated with defunct routines , but they also constitute a fascinating record contained within the overall program of how it has grown and diversified over time
不过，在这些旧程式码中，却隐藏了一些有趣的记录，可以告诉我们基因组在悠远的演化史中，扩增且变得多样化的历程。 |
