Totipotency the ability shown by many living cells to form all the types of tissues that constitute the mature organism 全能性：生活细胞具有的能发育成为各种组织并进一步形成整个生物体的潜力。
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The ensuing gene expression profile in the cleavage - stage embryo establishes totipotency and is required for further development 随后卵裂时期胚胎的基因表达模式将建立一种全能性，这对进一步发育是必需的。
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According to dr lanza , the evidence from other mammals is that the individual cells of a developing embryo have lost totipotency by the eight - cell stage 据兰泽博士称，根据对其他哺乳动物的研究发现，发展中胚胎的单个细胞在发展到八细胞阶段（即卵裂球）时就丧失了其万能性。
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In these years , because of its totipotency , manipulation and plastics , the embryonic stem ( es ) cells have been the focus of researches in the fields of medical and life science 近年来，胚胎干细胞( escells )以其具有全能性、可操作性和可塑性等诸多优点，已经成为医学和生命科学领域研究的热点之一。
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With the development of the technology of cell culturing and cell engineering , so it is possible to preserve fish species for a very long time . 3 ) using embryonic stern cells ( es ) . fish embryonic cell has the totipotency and is better f or breeding than somatic cell , but it can not so strong to resist the very low temperature 三是通过es途径。鱼类胚胎干细胞具有发育的全能性，利用鱼类胚胎细胞育种比体细胞更具有优越性，但耐超低温性不强，只有少数学者对鱼类胚胎细胞进行冻存及发育潜能的研究，还没有对鱼类胚胎细胞进行冻存培养的系统研究。
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Different from mammals , the early embryos of fish can not be preserved for the long period at the very low temperature ( - 196 ) . therefore , three methods were usually applied to cryogenic preservation of the fine and rare species of fish : 1 ) perserving fish spermatozoon in cryogenic condition . researchers have had systematically studied on this technique for many years , and this technique has been utilized in application and made a lot of effects ; 2 ) combining with the techniques of cell engineering ( nuclear transplantation and electric fusion etc . ) , and through the process of culturing histiocyte of fish , cryopreservation and re - culture after thawing , carrying out somatic cell breeding of fish . the past studies showed that the nucleolus of somatic cells of fish have totipotency 多年来，国内外学者对各种鱼类精液的冷冻保存进行了大量的系统研究，目前这项技术已达到实用水平，并日益发挥作用；二是对鱼类培养的组织细胞冷冻保存，通过鱼类细胞的培养、超低温冻存、解冻后再培养过程，结合细胞工程技术(如核移植、电融合等)进行体细胞育种；大量的研究结果表明鱼类体细胞核具有发育的全能性，随着细胞培养技术、细胞工程技术日益发展成熟，完全具备实现鱼类物种种质长期保存的理论基础和技术条件。
