The trypanosome , which branched from other eukaryotes 300 million years ago , breaks this universal rule 在三亿年前从其他的真核生物分支出去的锥虫，却打破了这条通用的法则。
2.
He proed to be infected by trypanosoma eansi , a trypanosome which is usually a parasite of arious animals , particularly cattle 他被证实感染了伊氏锥虫，这种锥虫是一种在各种动物，特别是牛中常见的寄生虫。
3.
Three antibody banks were set up depending on 20 vats . some sd rats infected 100 trypanosomes were survived in yuanhun and activing - trypanosome antibody bank treated . vsg - antibody bank was similar to control 我们分离到的vats只有20个并且优势vats多次重复，这说明在伊氏锥虫感染兔，波动的vats局限在一定范围之内。
4.
Like the trypanosome ' s vsg coat , the immune system ' s b lymphocytes also express one protein ( immunoglobulin ) on their surface at a time , even though each b cell has many different genes for the surface proteins 一如锥虫的vsg外套，人体免疫系统的b淋巴球就算拥有许多不同表面蛋白的基因，每回也只表现一种表面蛋白（免疫球蛋白） 。
5.
Found the phenomenon observed in the nematode caenorhabditis elegans for the first time in 1998 , consequently similar processes have been described for drosophila melanogaster , trypanosome , mammals including humans . the mechanism is that sirnas is the mediator , which can induce the risc to the target mrna and degrade it . recently there was great progress in the specific gene therapy and anti - virus , and rnai has been a focus of rna molecular therapy 自1998年fire等在研究线虫时首次发现以来，相继在果蝇、涡虫、锥虫、小鼠及哺乳动物细胞中发现rnai现象。一般认为： rnai第四军医大学硕士学位论文效应作用机制是sirnaskmallinterferinguaduplex ）作为中介分于，引导risc （ rnaiinducingsuppresscomplex ）至靶基因m洲a处，随后核酸内切酶将之降解。
6.
A rabbit was infected with a cloned yntatl , blood was collecting from from the rabbit every 3 days after infection within 30 days , 10 clonal trypanosome populations were gotten , infecting a new rabbit by the last non - cloned trypanosome population . repeated above all , thus infected 5 rabbits sequentially . twenty different vats ( variant antigen type ) were monitored and characterized from those fifty mono - clonal populations by indirect immunofluorescence test ( ift ) and avidin biotin enzyme immunoassay ( abc - eia ) 用伊氏锥虫云南水牛单克隆株yntat1感染兔，感染后30天内，每3天从兔血中分离锥虫并单虫克隆，最后一个未单虫克隆的虫株感染另一只兔，重复以上操作，这样顺序感染5只兔子，共获得50个单克隆锥虫种群( tp ) ，经间接免疫荧光和abc酶标试验鉴定共为20个抗原性互不相同的抗原变异体( vats ) 。
