| 1. | The arterial pulse pressure in aortic insufficiency is widened .
主动脉瓣闭锁不全时脉搏压变宽。 |
| 2. | Valvular heart disease, usually aortic and mitral insufficiency, can complicate a variety of systemic diseases .
瓣膜性心脏病，以主动脉瓣及二尖瓣闭锁不全为最常见，可使各种全身性疾病变得复杂。 |
| 3. | Here is a congenital bicuspid aortic valve
这是一个先天性的两瓣叶主动脉瓣。 |
| 4. | Aortic valve retractor
主动脉瓣牵开器 |
| 5. | An embolus from a cardiac valvular vegetation from the left side of the heart can travel out the systemic circulation
主动脉瓣的赘生物脱落形成栓子进入血液循环。 |
| 6. | The heart failure was present only in the case with left heart vegetations ( 15 / 26 , among which 6 at bicuspid vale and 9 at aortic vale )
赘生物致心衰病例仅见于左心系统(二尖瓣赘生物致心衰6例，主动脉瓣赘生物致心衰9例) 。 |
| 7. | There is a tear ( arrow ) located 7 cm above the aortic valve and proximal to the great vessels in this aorta with marked atherosclerosis . this is an aortic dissection
主动脉瓣以上7厘米处有一破裂（箭头所指） ，主动脉管近端显示明显的动脉粥样硬化。 |
| 8. | Instead of a decreased right ventricle , this could also correspond to an increased left ventricle . this would probably be due to late aortic stenosis or mitral regurgitation
假如不是右心室缩小，那可能就是左心室增大，这可能是由于主动脉瓣狭窄或二尖瓣返流导致。 |
| 9. | Late systolic murmurs begin in midsystole and extend to or through s2 . they may be heard in mitral valve prolapse ( frequently accompanied by midsystolic clicks ) or coarctation of the aorta
收缩期晚期杂音始于收缩期中期，延至或贯穿s2 。可在二尖瓣脱垂（通常伴有收缩中期喀喇音）或主动脉瓣缩缝时听到。 |
| 10. | A thorough family history should be taken because many cardiac disorders ( eg , coronary artery disease [ cad ] , systemic hypertension , bicuspid aortic valve , hypertrophic cardiomyopathy , mitral valve prolapse ) have a heritable basis
很多心脏疾病(如冠状动脉疾病( cad ) 、全身性高血压、二叶主动脉瓣疾病、肥厚型心肌病、二尖瓣脱垂)都有遗传基础，因此应收集详尽的家族病史。 |
