| 1. | The relationship between medical personnel and patients is special and intimate , requiring mutual trust and respect
医护人员与病人之间有著一种密切而又互信互赖的关系。 |
| 2. | The relationship between medical personnels and patients is special and intimate , requiring mutual trust and respect
医护人员与病人之间有著一种密切而又互信互赖的关系。 |
| 3. | There are disagreements among researchers as to whether rewards interdependence or means interdependence is more effective
尤其是对于奖赏互赖和方法互赖在合作学习中的作用，研究者持有不同的观点。 |
| 4. | When examining the combining effect of different interdependence , some researchers consider two sources of positive interdependence are powerful than one
当对不同的互赖技术的联合效应进行研究时，有些研究者认为两种来源的积极互赖比一种要更有效。 |
| 5. | It includes resource interdependence , role interdependence and task interdependence . from the related researches , we can find that different interdependence resulted in different cognitive outcomes
通过对国外有关积极互赖研究的分析可以发现，不同的积极互赖技术对学生认知结果的影响可能是不同的。 |
| 6. | Positive interdependence exists when one realizes that he is linked with others so that he can only succeed if he coordinates his effort with the effort of others to complete a task
积极互赖是指在合作学习的情境中，学生们要认识到他们不仅要为自己的学习负责，而且还要为其所在的小组的其他同伴的学习负责。 |
| 7. | The first experiment compared the separate and interactive effects of reward and means interdependence on the cognitive outcomes . reward interdependence was created by providing students with an explicit incentive for working
实验一将奖赏互赖和方法互赖结合起来进行研究，既考察奖赏互赖和方法互赖各b的效应，又考察它们的联合效应。 |
| 8. | Outcome interdependence , which occurs when participants seek a desired outcome , includes goal interdependence and reward interdependence . means interdependence involves the means or processes through which participants in a cooperative scenario accomplish goals or attain rewards
结果互赖又可以分为目标互赖和奖赏互赖；方法互赖是指被试在合作学习过程中为完成目标或获得奖赏而采取的特定的方法或步骤。 |
| 9. | The essential components of cooperation are positive interdependence , face - to - face promotive interaction , individual and accountability , interpersonal and small group skills , and group processing . the first arid most important element is positive interdependence
一般认为，合作学习的基本要素包括五个( johnson & johnson ， 1993 ) ，即积极互赖、面对面的促进性互动、个体和小组责任、人际和小组技能、小组自评。 |
