| 1. | Back : the back is straight and strong , with a level topline from withers to croup
后躯：后躯直并且强壮，拥有从肩部到臀部水平的背线。 |
| 2. | Back : the back is short , straight and muscular and firmly connects the withers to the hindquarters
背：背短、直、且肌肉发达。稳固地连接肩和后躯。 |
| 3. | The main aim of lateral movements is to develop and increase the engagement of the quarters and thereby also the collection
侧方运动的主要目的，是发展和增强后躯的深踏，因而也就是加强收缩。 |
| 4. | He stands well up at the shoulder on straight forelegs with a topline sloping slightly toward strong , moderately bent , muscular quarters
他直站时前腿笔直，肩部耸起，背线向强壮、略弯曲、肌肉发达的后躯略微下倾。 |
| 5. | Hindquarters : strong and flexible , well angulated stifle . legs short . ample bone carried right down to feet . hocks straight when viewed from behind
后躯：强壮且灵活，后膝关节成角自然。大腿短。骨宽，直下至脚。后视时，跗关节直。 |
| 6. | It is characterised by a pronounced engagement of the hindquarters , a more accentuated flexion of the knees and hocks , and the graceful elasticity of the movement
其特点是后躯有力的深踏，膝关节和飞节充分弯曲，动作优美，富有弹性。 |
| 7. | Impulsion is the term used to describe the transmission of an eager and energetic , yet controlled , propulsive energy generated from the hind quarters into the athletic movement of the horse
前进气势这个术语，是用来描述从马匹后躯产生的推动力，迅速有力又有节制地传递到竞技动作中去。 |
| 8. | Anticipation or precipitation of the movement , resistance to or evasion of the hand , deviation of the hindquarters from the straight line , spreading or inactive hind legs and dragging fore feet are serious faults
动作提前和慌忙，抗衔或避衔，后躯偏离直线，后肢伸开或动作无力，以及前肢拖地，都是严重失误。 |
| 9. | He is quick and light on his feet , and when in the show ring should be gaited on a loose lead at a moderately fast trot , exhibiting good reach in the forequarters and good drive in the hindquarters
他的步态轻盈畅快，当比赛的时候应宽松的牵引他使其保持适度急速的步伐，展示出前躯良好的伸展性和后躯强大的动力。 |
| 10. | Leg yielding can be performed ' on the diagonal ' in which case the horse should be as nearly as possible parallel to the long sides of the arena , although the forehand should be slightly in advance of the hindquarters
偏横步可以在场地的 '沿对角线 '做，这时马体应当尽可能平行于场地的长边，而前躯可以稍稍在后躯之前。 |
