| 1. | Local people ' s courts at various levels are responsible to the organs of state power which created them
地方各级人民法院对产生它的国家权力机关负责。 |
| 2. | Local people s courts at different levels are responsible to the organs of state power that created them
第一百二十八条最高人民法院对全国人民代表大会和全国人民代表大会常务委员会负责。地方各级人民法院对产生它的国家权力机关负责。 |
| 3. | A party to an incidental civil action or his legal representative may file an appeal against that part of a judgment or order of first instance made by a local people ' s court at any level that deals with the incidental civil action
附带民事诉讼的当事人和他们的法定代理人，可以对地方各级人民法院第一审的判决、裁定中的附带民事诉讼部分，提出上诉。 |
| 4. | The supreme people ' s court supervises the administration of justice by the local people ' s courts at different levels and by the special people ' s courts ; people ' s courts at higher levels supervise the administration of justice by those at lower levels
最高人民法院监督地方各级人民法院和专门人民法院的审判工作，上级人民法院监督下级人民法院的审判工作。 |
| 5. | Article 180 if the defendant , private prosecutor or their legal representatives refuse to accept a judgment or order of first instance made by a local people ' s court at any level , they shall have the right to appeal in writing or orally to the people ' s court at the next higher level
第一百八十条被告人、自诉人和他们的法定代理人，不服地方各级人民法院第一审的判决、裁定，有权用书状或者口头向上一级人民法院上诉。 |
| 6. | " criminal procedural law " the 180th regulation : the accused person , private prosecution person and their legal agent , refuse to obey the place is various the court decision of people court first instance , ruling , authority uses book account oral perhaps up court of one class people appeals
《刑事诉讼法》第一百八十条规定：被告人、自诉人和他们的法定代理人，不服地方各级人民法院第一审的判决、裁定，有权用书状或者口头向上一级人民法院上诉。 |
| 7. | According to statistics , from january 1990 to december 1994 people ' s courts at various levels accepted 167 , 882 cases , including first and second trials as well as trials and supervision of administrative cases , involving more than 40 administrative realms , such as public security and the reallocation of land
据统计，自1990年1月至1994年12月，地方各级人民法院共受理一审、二审和审判监督行政案件167882件，涉及治安、土地规划等40多个行政管理领域。 |
| 8. | The constitution could be applied in courts according to the situation of our country even though theoretically it is not sapposed to if a common law is applicable ; and the local courts could apply the constitution without the appoval of the highest people ' s court when ( explaination ) either explanation of the covstitution is needed nor constitution could only be applied to explain some of the charges but net to guide the conviction and measurement of penalty
( 1 )普通法已有规定时从理论层面上看，用不着再适用宪法，但从我国目前的实际情况看应允许适用宪法。 ( 2 )地方各级人民法院在适用宪法时，如果不存在着对宪法的解释，只是简单适用，而且不存在着分歧时，可不经最高人民法院作出解释而径直适用； ( 3 )宪法不能作为定罪科刑的依据，但在解释有些罪名时可援引宪法的相关规定。 |
| 9. | Article 2 judges are the judicial personnel who exercise the judicial authority of the state according to law , including presidents , vice presidents , members of judicial committees , chief judges and associate chief judges of divisions , judges and assistant judges of the supreme people ' s court , local people ' s courts at various levels and special people ' s courts such as military courts
第二条法官是依法行使国家审判权的审判人员，包括最高人民法院、地方各级人民法院和军事法院等专门人民法院的院长、副院长、审判委员会委员、庭长、副庭长、审判员和助理审判员。 |
