| 1. | Then it leads to lots of reactive shortage . in the northern area , there have adequate capacity for consumer
而北部地区的发电厂容量相对用户需求是较大的，无功备用容量较大。 |
| 2. | Fifthly , make a study on the pricing of the spinning reserve capacity under the known spinning reserve demand level
第五，在前述研究基础上进行确定性备用水平下抽水蓄能电站旋转备用容量电价研究。 |
| 3. | Fourthly , to begin the calculation of the marginal cost , the problem of the optimal operation must be firstly studied
第四，抽水蓄能电站旋转备用容量定价的研究是基于边际成本的，为此，必须要研究抽水蓄能电站在系统中的优化运行问题。 |
| 4. | A 20 % spare capacity shall be provided ( equipped ) within the mimic driver and the wiring to the mimic board to allow for future modifications . the spare capacity shall be evenly distributed
的备用容量必须由模拟驱动器提供并且与模拟板连接以备将来的修改。备用容量必须均匀地分布。 |
| 5. | The simulation result also shows that the penalty to spare capacity needed is very small with the new algorithm apart from the reduction in the number of searching waves
仿真结果表明，该算法的恢复率同已有算法相当，但所需的搜索趟数却能获得大幅度的降低，同时也不显著增加备用容量的消耗。 |
| 6. | A novel mechanism for determining and procuring operating reserve requirements in regional power markets ( rpm ) is presented . in addition , an allocation mechanism of associated benefits is developed based on the well - developed cooperative game theory
针对区域电力市场，设计了确定和获取运行备用容量的算法，并利用合作博弈思想探讨了运行备用容量收益的合理分配问题。 |
| 7. | Under assumptions that accurate system outage cost is known and prices bids by generation companies are consistent with their true costs , both economic efficiency and system reliability can be simultaneously taken into account in the proposed scheme
扩展了传统的高峰负荷定价理论，对备用容量与可靠性指标之间的相关性进行了分析，从而能够确定出兼顾经济性和可靠性的最优备用容量和价格； 5 |
| 8. | After analyzing the part and feature of the ancillary service , we discuss the component and making price method of that , the active / frequency control , the reactive / voltage control , the reserve capacity of generator and the restoration / black start mode
仔细分析了电力市场辅助服务的构成和特点，分别详细讨论了有功频率控制、无功及电压控制、发电备用容量、恢复及黑启动等辅助服务的构成方式、定价方案。 |
| 9. | This thesis focuses on several important , yet difficult , problems concerning procurement and pricing of agc and operating reserve in the electricity market environment , such as forecasting and procurement of agc capacity requirement , coordination of dispatching and pricing strategies in energy and agc markets , procurement and pricing of operating reserve with economic efficiency and reliability requirement well balanced , efficient transactions of operating reserve in a regional power market
例如， agc的需求预测与获取， agc与有功能量市场的协调运作，兼顾经济性与可靠性的运行备用容量获取与定价，以及区域电力市场环境下的运行备用交易等问题。本文针对这几个重要而尚未得到很好解决的问题进行了比较系统深入的研究： 1 |
| 10. | It is showed through the case that the soft system in this paper can satisfy the real - time demands when the number of bidding is less than 100 and the number of different bidding prices is less than 50 ; 3 . making the interruptable load as a measure of two - rank reserve services capacity and having designed the market structure and the operational model of interruptable load . it is proved by practice that the market is effective
根据新方法开发的软件系统实际运行结果表明，当投标数量低于100 ，不同投标价格数目低于50 ，该软件的计算速度可满足实时运行要求。但当投标数量和投标价格数目不断增加后，该软件需进一步改善计算功能，才能满足实时运行要求； 3将il作为二级备用容量服务措施之一，设计了il的市场结构及其运作模式，并通过实例验证了其市场功能效果。 |
