The guan kiln refers to porcelain kiln managed by officials . the produced porcelain are only for the application in imperial families 官窑，指官办的瓷窑，所制产品特供皇室，专烧专用。
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The lijin system of the late qing dynasty experienced an evolution process from private running to private and official running to sole official running 摘要晚清的厘金制度实际上经历了一个从民办到亦官亦民再到官办的演化过程。
