| 1. | As scientists have sequenced the human genome ( the full set of nuclear dna ) , they have also identified millions of polymorphisms
由于人类基因组已定序完毕，科学家已辨认出数以百万计的多型形质。 |
| 2. | For instance , skin color or facial features ? traits influenced by natural selection ? are routinely used to divide people into races
举例来说，肤色或面孔特徵（都是受天择影响的形质）是通用的人种判准。 |
| 3. | The distribution of these polymorphisms across populations reflects the history of those populations and the effects of natural selection
这些多型形质在各个族群中的分布，反映了那些族群的历史，以及天择的效应。 |
| 4. | Machiavellian traits may not be equally beneficial to other lineages , however , or even to all primates , and so this notion alone is unsatisfying
然而，马基维利形质在其他动物群中也许并不同样有利，即使灵长类也未必均蒙其利，因此这个理论并不是个令人满意的解释。 |
| 5. | To distinguish among groups , the ideal genetic polymorphism would be one that is present in all the members of one group and absent in the members of all other groups
用来区别人群的遗传多型形质，最理想的是，它的某个形式只出现在某个人群的全体成员体内，其他人群则完全没有。 |
| 6. | The author reviews the current literature on assessment of mutant mice , focusing on resources the pathologist can use to integrate genomics knowledge with observed findings
作者回顾当代突变小鼠评估之文献，集中焦点在病理学家于观察所得之基因遗传形质的知识等所有资源进行整合。 |
| 7. | Therefore , traits or polymorphisms affected by natural selection may be poor predictors of group membership and may imply genetic relatedness where , in fact , little exists
因此，受天择影响的形质或多型形质，不适合当做预测人群亲缘关系的指标，以它们建构的人群关系，就毫无现实基础。 |
| 8. | Shi tao is famous for his particular appreciation of the internal beauty of mountains and waters , namely their inter - promoting and inter - linking relationship and their abundant external forms and internal senses
摘要石涛对自然山水美质的理解非常深刻，主要包括山水的相生相通性，山水自然本身的丰富形质等内容。 |
| 9. | Chance plays a part in evolution ( for example , in the random mutations that can give rise to new traits ) , but evolution does not depend on chance to create organisms , proteins or other entities
机运在演化中扮演了一个角色（例如，导致新的生物形质的突变就是随机发生的） ，但是演化创造生物、蛋白质或其他物事，并不依赖机运。 |
| 10. | Quite the opposite : natural selection , the principal known mechanism of evolution , harnesses nonrandom change by preserving “ desirable ” ( adaptive ) features and eliminating “ undesirable ” ( non - adaptive ) ones
恰恰相反，演化的主要机制天择，会将非随机的变化收束在一起，秘诀是保存想要的（适应的）形质，删除不想要的（非适应的）形质。 |
