| 1. | Temperature measurement of car engine piston in steady running state
车用发动机活塞稳定工况温度测量 |
| 2. | Steady working condition
稳定工况 |
| 3. | For some complex industrial systems , the frequent deviation from the design operation point puts forward demand to improvement of control system
摘要在一些工业过程控制中，由于控制对象系统的运行工况不可避免地经常偏离稳定工况，从而提高了对控制系统的要求。 |
| 4. | During the design of the gas pipeline and the detection of the leakage diagnosis , it is necessary to simulate the stable state of gas pipeline
摘要在管道的设计阶段和进行输气管道的泄漏故障诊断时，有必要对输气管道的模型进行仿真，了解管道稳定工况时管道各种参数情况。 |
| 5. | With the popularization of computer and flourish of cae software , it becomes more and more widely adopted to solve the engine problem by software simulation in engine and vehicle realm
在电控技术广泛应用于汽车发动机的今天,对发动机在非稳定工况下工作过程进行研究和控制,已越来越多地引起人们的重视。 |
| 6. | With the stricter requirements of engine power performance , economic performance and engine emission , it is not enough to improve engine performance only by researching its static performance
汽车在运行条件下,发动机大多处于非稳定工况下工作,其在非稳定工况下的行使时间、燃油消耗量和有害物排放等均占主导地位。 |
| 7. | Nastran to solve the model . so the stress distribution , deformation under the most unfavorable conditions and the 3 - dimensional temperature field under steady operating conditions are obtained accurately and rapidly
Nastran有限元程序求解有限元模型，准确迅速地得到了危险工况下的应力分布和刚度变形以及稳定工况下机体的三维温度场分布情况。 |
| 8. | Secondly , according to the effect of the change in the gas properties on the burning of burners , the possible adjustive measures are analyzed and at the basis of which corresponding alterative plans are proposed
然后，根据气体物性改变对燃烧器燃烧的影响，分析可能的调整措施。在此基础上提出相应的改造方案，并通过反复实验确定其稳定工况和最佳方案。 |
| 9. | At last , through analysis on calculating results and comparison among operational schemes , it is concluded that if pull - in steady operation of pump unit can be successfully realized , then it provides the reasonable suggestions for design and operation of pump station
最后，通过对计算结果的分析及运行方案对比，判断机组能否顺利牵入同步和扬水，最终进入稳定工况运行，从而为泵站的设汁及运行提出科学合理的建议。 |
| 10. | These methods are following : ( 1 ) in order to build fem model conveniently and enhance calculating speed , interceped a finite length and built a 2d - symmetry model . ( 2 ) in order to apply loads conveniently , kept the entrance of cold fluid . ( 3 ) in order to obtain numerical results in steady situation , lengthened export and import ends
这些方法主要有： ( 1 )为了便于建立模型并提高计算速度，对于实际工程中采用的长径比特别大的换热管采取截取有限长度的方法并建立二维对称简化模型； ( 2 )提出采取保留冷流体入口端，截取有限长度的方法施加载荷； ( 3 )适当延长翅片管的出口端和入口端，以便获得稳定工况的数值解。 |
