| 1. | Messenger rna ( mrna ) does not contain introns , these being removed during the transcription process
信使rna中没有内含子，它们在转录后加工的过程中被切除了。 |
| 2. | Post - transcriptional gene silencing ( ptgs ) spread systemically in the f irst transgenic generation , but was not transmited to the offspring
这种转录后基因沉默( ptgs )现象可以在植株体内系统传播，但不能遗传给后代。 |
| 3. | Rnai ( rna interference ) is a process by which double - stranded rna ( dsrna ) specifically suppresses the expression of a target mrna . since fire et . al
Rnai ( rnainterference )是双链rna介导的、序列特异的同源基因转录后的沉默效应。 |
| 4. | A few hypothesis models have been proposed to elucidate the mechanism of gene silencing , but they could not explain all the phenomena in gene silencing
对于沉默产生的机理，尤其是转录后基因沉默，已经提出不少模型，但是都未能较全面地解释基因沉默中出现的各种实验现象。 |
| 5. | In this paper , we reviewed the relationship between ptgs and the plants defense mechanism to virus , and proposed a model of gene silencing based on our experiments results
该文现就实验所取得的相关结果、转录后基因沉默机制和植物对病毒防御机制的相互关系，以及其研究进展进行综述。 |
| 6. | Plant systems produce full - length mammalian proteins that appear to be processed similarly to their natie counterpart with appropriate folding , assembly , and post - translational modifications
植物系统可以制造完整的哺乳动物蛋白，因为他们的处理过程和他们的天然类似物一样可以被恰当的折叠，装配，和转录后修饰。 |
| 7. | Plant systems produce full - length mammalian proteins that appear to be processed similarly to their native counterpart with appropriate folding , assembly , and post - translational modifications
植物系统可以制造完整的哺乳动物蛋白，因为他们的处理过程和他们的天然类似物一样可以被恰当的折叠，装配，和转录后修饰。 |
| 8. | Homology - dependent gene silencing ( hdgs ) , which is the generic term for transcriptional gene silencing ( tgs ) , post - transcriptional gene silencing ( ptgs ) and rnamediated virus - resistance ( rmvr ) have been shown to frequently occur in transgenic plants
其中，同源依赖的基因沉默又可以分为转录水平的基因沉默和转录后水平的基因沉默。 |
| 9. | Mammalian cells are among the best systems for biopharmaceutical production due to their excellence in post - translational modifications . the products they produced are much more similar to their natural forms than those produced by prokaryotic , yeast or insect cells
哺乳动物细胞表达系统具有准确的转录后修饰功能，表达的糖基化蛋白药物在分子结构、理化性质和生物学功能方面最接近天然蛋白分子，是目前重组糖蛋白药物生产的首选体系。 |
| 10. | Currently there are many techniques available to screen the gene expression at the transcriptional levels , such as mkna differential display and cdna microarray . although these methods can provide high - throughput information about the differential gene expression , they can
虽然，利用mrna差异显示技术和基因芯片技术可在转录水平高通量的筛选基因表达的差异，但是这些技术都不能提供转录后的尤其是蛋白质在翻译后修饰的信息，而蛋白质通常是细胞内的功能执行者。 |
